• While ghrelin s role in addictive behaviors has been most

  2021-10-25

  

  While ghrelin's role in addictive behaviors has been most extensively explored with alcohol, ghrelin has also been implicated in biobehavioral substrates of other drugs of abuse. For example, preclinical experiments suggest that GHS-R1a blockade may improve nicotine [155,156], opioids [[157], [158],

• We have previously designed an azobenzene based molecule Raz

  2021-10-23

  

  We have previously designed an azobenzene-based molecule, Razo, which could switch the conformations of G-quadruplex structures by photoregulation. 12, 13, 14, 15 However, it lacks selectivity to different G-quadruplexes. Therefore, we want to find a way to modify this molecule so that it could be u

• In the phylum Cnidaria which separated from the

  2021-10-23

  

  In the phylum Cnidaria, which separated from the main line of Metazoa early during evolution, FGFR signaling is essential during development and morphogenesis. Two FGFRs and two FGFs antagonistically control formation of the apical organ in the anthozoan Nematostella and target the MAPK pathway (Ren

• Consistent with our result Camacho Barquero and coworkers sh

  2021-10-23

  

  Consistent with our result, Camacho-Barquero and coworkers showed that curcumin reduced phospho-P38 MAPK. P-38 MAPK is a key effector of several downstream factors that eventually modulate the homing of monocytic cells during the onset of intestine inflammation (Camacho-Barquero et al., 2007). Along

• Furthermore rs is the one which

  2021-10-23

  

  Furthermore, rs17171119 is the one which is studied well so far. One of the earlier studies has reported the clinical outcome and impact of EZH2 SNPs (rs41277434, rs3757441, rs2302427 rs9177211 T> C) (Crea et al., 2012). The only coding SNP ID rs2302427 has been studied in various diseases such as h

• While more detailed molecular studies on the mechanistic bas

  2021-10-23

  

  While more-detailed molecular studies on the mechanistic basis for heightened H3 receptor function in PAE rats are underway, we have also been exploring whether PAE alters other markers of histaminergic neurotransmission in affected brain regions. One question is whether PAE affected the number of h

• The therapeutic potential of acetate

  2021-10-23

  

  The therapeutic potential of acetate has been advocated by research on neurodegenerative disorders such as Canavan's disease (Arun et al., 2010, Mathew et al., 2005), where oral acetate improved motor function in a genetic model of the disorder, and in studies of behavioural phenotypes associated wi

• Several previous reports have demonstrated that epithelial

  2021-10-23

  

  Several previous reports have demonstrated that epithelial cell migration is important in promoting mucosal repair after damage caused by DSS and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [33], [34], [35]. Cell migration is coordinated by many factors, including fibronectin and its receptor integrin α5,

• br Author contributions br Acknowledgements The work was fin

  2021-10-23

  

  Author contributions Acknowledgements The work was financially supported by a grant from the Investigator-Initiated Studies Program (Ref. #38124) from Merck Sharp & Dohme, and, in part, from Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Ref. No.: 14110314), awa

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2021-10-23

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Until very recently, the anti-atherogenic activity of niacin was attributed almost exclusively to its impact on HDL and other plasma lipids, perhaps mediated via its action on GPR109A expressed in adipose or other tissues. However, recent clinical st

• ATP as a transmitter can be released from

  2021-10-23

  

  ATP as a transmitter can be released from injured rusty and sensory nerve endings (Sperlágh et al., 1995, Sperlágh et al., 1997, Sperlágh et al., 1998, Burnstock, 2013, Burnstock, 2014). ATP can activate the P2X3 receptor in the DRG neurons (Gao et al., 2011a; Xu et al., 2012). In DRG neurons cultu

• Na K ATPase adenosine triphosphate ATP and

  2021-10-23

  

  Na+/K+-ATPase, NU 9056 and astrocytic glutamate transporters act together to maintain sodium and potassium gradients and the proper activities of EAAT1 and EAAT2 (Rose et al., 2009; Sheean et al., 2013); nevertheless, in present study, Na+/K+-ATPase activity was shown to be increased as from 24 h. I

• br The hippocampus and spatial memory

  2021-10-23

  

  The hippocampus and spatial memory Numerous lines of evidence have implicated the rodent hippocampus in spatial forms of learning and memory (O’Keefe and Nadel, 1978). For example, hippocampal lesions produce robust and reliable deficits on spatial memory tasks such as the Morris watermaze in bot

• The development of immobilization techniques for

  2021-10-23

  

  The development of immobilization techniques for β-glucosidase offers a potential way to enable its reuse several times [13]. The aim of immobilization is to trap the enzyme within or on the surface of an insoluble material with retention of its catalytic activity [14]. The immobilization strategy a

• BOP reagent Gap junctions mediate electrical coupling betwee

  2021-10-23

  

  Gap junctions mediate electrical coupling between cells by conducting direct ionic currents and thereby modulate their electrical activity (Hormuzdi et al., 2004). In the nervous system, electrical coupling organizes network activity by amplifying and synchronizing neuronal firing (Galarreta and Hes

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